Artillery / Surface to surface missiles / 4K44 Redut
4K44 Redut
General Facts
- TYPE
Coastal defense system - ORIGIN
USSR - NICKNAMES
SS-C-1a Shaddock (NATO designation)
SS-C-1b Sepal (NATO designation) - DESIGNED
1954 - 1963 - DESIGNER
Chelomey - PRODUCTION
? - PRODUCERS
USSR - Chelomey - QUANTITY
300 - 400 SPU-35 TEL - UNIT COST
Unknown - CHARACTERISTICS
Long range
Mobile system
Terminal guidance needed
Complex system
Introduction
The 4K44 Redut is an early Cold War era coastal defense system of Soviet origin. It was designed to supplement and replace the earlier S-2 Sopka (NATO: SS-C-2b Samlet) missile batteries. The 4K44 system uses the SS-N-3 Shaddock missile which was also used on Soviet naval vessels. In the West the system is known by its NATO designatiok SS-C-1 Sepal.
Layout
The 4K44 Redut system consists of a radar and command vehicle that controls up to three launch vehicles. The launch vehicles as based on the ZIL-135K 8 wheel chassis. Due to the large size of the missile the 4K44 holds only a single missile per launch vehicle. There also is a semi-fixed position 4K44 Utes which uses the SM-70 twin round launcher and different radar. Two fixed batteries have been constructed.
Firepower
The missile used in the original 4K44 system is a modified version of the P-5/P-35 Pityorka, known in the West by its NATO designation SS-N-3 Shaddock. Earlier versions use the P-5S missile as used on submarines and were given the NATO designation SS-C-1a Shaddock. The most common version is the P-35 missile as used in surface ships, which was given the name SS-C-1b Sepal.
Targeting
The missile is controlled by the truck based 4R45 Skala radar vehicle. Up to three launch vehicles can be linked to a single radar vehicle. Additionally the Tu-95RT Bear-D maritime patrol aircraft or Ka-25K Hormone naval helicopter can provide terminal guidance. Due to its long range the P-5S must be guided until the weapon picks up its targets. The operator is shown a video feed and selects which target the missile should attack.
Mobility
The 4K44 is a fully mobile system. The ZIL-135K 8x8 trucks allow for a reasonable cross country performance. A fixed position coastal defense system was also installed in two locations.
Users
The main user of the 4K44 was the USSR navy. It has been complemented by the shorter range and less complex 4K51 Rubezh (SS-C-3 Styx) system, but remains in active use today.
SPU-35B
The truck mounted launcher of the 4K44 Redut coastal defense system is known as the SPU-35. The original version that launches the P-5S missile is known as the SPU-35B and is based on the ZIL-135K 8x8 truck. The later and more common version is the SPU-35V that launches the P-35 missile.
- Specifications:
- SPU-35B
Type | Coastal defense system |
---|---|
Crew | 5 (commander, driver, 3 operators) |
Length | 13.5 m |
Width | 2.86 m |
Height | 3.53 m |
Ground clearance | ? |
Weight | 21 t |
Ground pressure | ? |
Wheelbase | Wheeled chassis, 8x8 |
Turn radius | ? |
Engine | 2x ZiL-375Ya diesel, 180 hp each |
Power ratio | 17.1 hp/t |
---|---|
Transmission | ? |
Speed | 40 km/h |
Fuel | ? |
Range | 500 km on road |
Wall | ? |
Trench | ? |
Gradient | ? |
Fording | ? |
Armor | No |
NBC equipment | ? |
Night vision | ? |
---|---|
Smoke | No |
Remarks | - |
Armament | P-5S missile (1x) |
Weapon1 | P-5S missile, 1 ready to fire |
Weapon2 | - |
Weapon3 | - |
Weapon4 | - |
Weapon5 | - |
Weapon6 | - |
SPU-35V
The SPU-35V fires the P-35 missile and is based on the BAZ-135MB 8x8 truck chassis. The SPU-35B and SPU-35V can be distinguished by the cabin and the launcher. The SPU-35B has a single row cabin and a longer launcher, while the SPU-35V has a twin row cabin and shorter launcher.
- Specifications:
- SPU-35V
Type | Coastal defense system |
---|---|
Crew | 5 (commander, driver, 3 operators) |
Length | 11.5 m |
Width | 2.8 m |
Height | 3.0 m |
Ground clearance | ? |
Weight | 18 t |
Ground pressure | ? |
Wheelbase | Wheeled chassis, 8x8 |
Turn radius | ? |
Engine | YaMZ-238N diesel, 300 hp |
Power ratio | 16.7 hp/t |
---|---|
Transmission | ? |
Speed | 40 km/h |
Fuel | ? |
Range | 500 km on road |
Wall | ? |
Trench | ? |
Gradient | ? |
Fording | ? |
Armor | No |
NBC equipment | ? |
Night vision | ? |
---|---|
Smoke | No |
Remarks | - |
Armament | P-35 missile (1x) |
Weapon1 | P-35 missile, 1 ready to fire |
Weapon2 | - |
Weapon3 | - |
Weapon4 | - |
Weapon5 | - |
Weapon6 | - |
4K44 Utes
The 4K44 Utes is a fixed position version of the 4K44 Redut. The design has been based on the fixed position Sopka (SS-C-2B) batteries. The 4K44 Utes consists of two launch tubes, a 4R46 Mys radar with IFF, a command center and a datalink. One position is placed at Sevastopol and operational since 1973. A second is placed on Kildin island in the Kola peninsula and is operational since 1976.